runner.bend

bend-kit-runner@0.13.0.0 · 1,799 lines · 0 definitions

1# Durable job runner: a journaled scheduler queue, bounded by a resources pool, with retry and a breaker per target. Source: https://github.com/paymog/bend-kit/tree/main/runner
2import Base
3import bend-kit-bytes@0.3.3.0/bytes.bend as Bytes
4import bend-kit-journal@0.3.0.1/journal.bend as J
5import bend-kit-scheduler@0.4.1.0/queue.bend as Q
6import bend-kit-resources@0.1.0.0/resources.bend as Res
7import bend-kit-retry@0.3.0.0/retry.bend as Retry
8import bend-kit-time@0.3.0.0/time.bend as Time
9import bend-kit-collections@0.1.4.1/heap.bend as H
10import bend-kit-collections@0.1.4.1/omap.bend as O
11import bend-kit-collections@0.1.4.1/hmap.bend as M
12import bend-kit-files@0.3.0.0/files.bend as Files
13
14# Why retry gave up on a ticket: its budget was spent, its deadline passed, its failure must not repeat,
15# or another try would repeat its failure.
16type Why is Data:
17  WhySpent{}
18  WhyLate{}
19  WhyUnsafe{}
20  WhyFailed{}
21
22# A ticket that retry gave up on, with its payload, and when it gave up (wall-clock ms).
23# It stays until Revive, Cancel, or Purge takes it.
24type Dead<-A: Data> is Data:
25  Dead{ticket: Q.Ticket<A>, why: Why, at: Nat}
26
27# One durable transition. Each one is one journal record, appended before the state changes.
28# Select: the queue's select at now. Replay runs it at the same now, so it takes the same ticket.
29# Requeue: the attempt failed; it counts one failure. Defer: the breaker held the ticket back; no attempt ran.
30# Abandon: retry gave up at at; the running ticket becomes dead. Revive: a dead ticket is pending again at deadline, with a new budget.
31# Purge: the dead tickets abandoned before before are dropped. PurgeAll: every dead ticket is dropped.
32# Break: the breaker of target changed to state.
33type Op<-A: Data> is Data:
34  Enqueue{deadline: Nat, payload: A}
35  Select{now: Nat}
36  Complete{id: Nat}
37  Cancel{id: Nat}
38  Requeue{id: Nat, deadline: Nat}
39  Defer{id: Nat, deadline: Nat}
40  Abandon{id: Nat, why: Why, at: Nat}
41  Revive{id: Nat, deadline: Nat}
42  Purge{before: Nat}
43  PurgeAll{}
44  Break{target: String, state: Retry.State}
45
46# The failed attempts of a ticket, and its first deadline, from which the policy deadline counts.
47type Try is Data:
48  Try{fails: Nat, start: Nat}
49
50# A Try for each ticket that is not yet complete, cancelled, or dead, by ticket id.
51def Tries() -> Data:
52  O.OMap<Nat, Try>
53
54# The breaker state of each target that has one, by target. An absent target is closed with no failures.
55def Breakers() -> Data:
56  Map<&2, Retry.State>
57
58def dead.hash(i: Nat) -> U32:
59  U32.from_nat(i)
60
61# The dead tickets, by ticket id.
62def Graves(-A: Data) -> Data:
63  M.HMap<Nat, Dead<A>>
64
65# The durable state: the queue, the tries, the dead tickets, and the breakers.
66type State<-A: Data> is Data:
67  State{queue: Q.State<A>, tries: Tries(), dead: Graves(A), breakers: Breakers()}
68
69def new(-A: Data) -> State<A>:
70  State{Q.new(A), O.OMap.new(Nat, Try), M.HMap.new(Nat, Dead<A>), Map.new(&2, Retry.State)}
71
72def queue(-A: Data, s: State<A>) -> Q.State<A>:
73  State{q, ts, ds, bs} = s
74  q
75
76def tries(-A: Data, s: State<A>) -> Tries():
77  State{q, ts, ds, bs} = s
78  ts
79
80# The dead tickets, by id. A Revive of one makes it pending again; a Cancel or a Purge drops it.
81def dead(-A: Data, s: State<A>) -> Graves(A):
82  State{q, ts, ds, bs} = s
83  ds
84
85def breakers(-A: Data, s: State<A>) -> Breakers():
86  State{q, ts, ds, bs} = s
87  bs
88
89# ---- dead tickets
90
91def dead.get(~A: Data, ds: Graves(A), +i: Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Dead<A>>:
92  M.HMap.get(~Nat, ~Dead<A>, ~dead.hash, ~Nat.is_eq, ds, i)
93
94def dead.drop(~A: Data, ds: Graves(A), +i: Nat) -> Graves(A):
95  M.HMap.del(~Nat, ~Dead<A>, ~dead.hash, ~Nat.is_eq, ds, i)
96
97def dead.bury(~A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, ds: Graves(A), w: Why, +at: Nat) -> Graves(A):
98  match m:
99    case None{}:
100      ds
101    case Some{Q.Ticket{+i, d, x}}:
102      M.HMap.put(~Nat, ~Dead<A>, ~dead.hash, ~Nat.is_eq, ds, i, Dead{Q.Ticket{i, d, x}, w, at})
103
104def dead.list.entries(-A: Data, es: List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>>, acc: List<&2, Dead<A>>) -> List<&2, Dead<A>>:
105  match es:
106    case Nil{}:
107      acc
108    case Con{M.Entry{k, d}, rest}:
109      dead.list.entries(A, rest, Con{d, acc})
110
111def dead.list.go(-A: Data, ds: Graves(A), acc: List<&2, Dead<A>>) -> List<&2, Dead<A>>:
112  match ds:
113    case M.HNil{}:
114      acc
115    case M.HLeaf{h, es}:
116      dead.list.entries(A, es, acc)
117    case M.HBranch{lo, hi}:
118      dead.list.go(A, lo, dead.list.go(A, hi, acc))
119
120# The dead tickets, in no set order.
121def dead.list(-A: Data, ds: Graves(A)) -> List<&2, Dead<A>>:
122  dead.list.go(A, ds, Nil{})
123
124def dead.old.keep(-A: Data, old: Bool, +i: Nat, rest: List<&2, Nat>) -> List<&2, Nat>:
125  match old:
126    case True{}:
127      Con{i, rest}
128    case False{}:
129      rest
130
131# The ids of the dead tickets abandoned before t.
132def dead.old(-A: Data, ds: List<&2, Dead<A>>, +t: Nat) -> List<&2, Nat>:
133  match ds:
134    case Nil{}:
135      Nil{}
136    case Con{Dead{Q.Ticket{i, d, x}, w, +at}, rest}:
137      dead.old.keep(A, Nat.is_lt(at, t), i, dead.old(A, rest, t))
138
139def dead.drops(~A: Data, ks: List<&2, Nat>, ds: Graves(A)) -> Graves(A):
140  match ks:
141    case Nil{}:
142      ds
143    case Con{k, rest}:
144      dead.drops(~A, rest, dead.drop(~A, ds, k))
145
146# The dead tickets without those abandoned before t. It walks every dead ticket once.
147def dead.purge(~A: Data, +ds: Graves(A), +t: Nat) -> Graves(A):
148  dead.drops(~A, dead.old(A, dead.list(A, ds), t), ds)
149
150# ---- tries
151
152def tries.drop(ts: Tries(), +i: Nat) -> Tries():
153  O.OMap.del(~Nat, ~Try, ~Nat.cmp, ts, i)
154
155def tries.get(ts: Tries(), +i: Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Try>:
156  O.OMap.get(~Nat, ~Try, ~Nat.cmp, ts, i)
157
158def tries.bump.got(m: Maybe<&2, Try>, ts: Tries(), +i: Nat) -> Tries():
159  match m:
160    case None{}:
161      ts
162    case Some{Try{f, st}}:
163      O.OMap.put(~Nat, ~Try, ~Nat.cmp, ts, i, Try{1n+f, st})
164
165def tries.bump(+ts: Tries(), +i: Nat) -> Tries():
166  tries.bump.got(tries.get(ts, i), ts, i)
167
168# ---- breakers
169
170def brk.got(r: Breakers() & Retry.State) -> Retry.State:
171  (m, b) = r
172  b
173
174# The breaker state of target key.
175def brk.get(-A: Data, s: State<A>, key: String) -> Retry.State:
176  brk.got(Map.get(Retry.State, Retry.CircuitClosed{Nil{}}, breakers(A, s), key))
177
178def brk.state(br: Retry.Breaker, old: Retry.State) -> Retry.State:
179  match br:
180    case Retry.BreakerOff{}:
181      old
182    case Retry.BreakerOn{c, st}:
183      st
184
185def brk.nats(a: List<&2, Nat>, b: List<&2, Nat>) -> Bool:
186  match a b:
187    case Nil{} Nil{}:
188      True{}
189    case Con{+x, xs} Con{+y, ys}:
190      Bool.and(Nat.is_eq(x, y), brk.nats(xs, ys))
191    case p q:
192      False{}
193
194def brk.same(a: Retry.State, b: Retry.State) -> Bool:
195  match a b:
196    case Retry.CircuitClosed{xs} Retry.CircuitClosed{ys}:
197      brk.nats(xs, ys)
198    case Retry.CircuitOpen{+x} Retry.CircuitOpen{+y}:
199      Nat.is_eq(x, y)
200    case Retry.CircuitHalf{+x} Retry.CircuitHalf{+y}:
201      Nat.is_eq(x, y)
202    case p q:
203      False{}
204
205def calm.state(b: Retry.State) -> Retry.State:
206  match b:
207    case Retry.CircuitClosed{fs}:
208      Retry.CircuitClosed{fs}
209    case Retry.CircuitOpen{u}:
210      Retry.CircuitOpen{u}
211    case Retry.CircuitHalf{k}:
212      Retry.CircuitHalf{0n}
213
214def calm.map(m: Breakers()) -> Breakers():
215  match m:
216    case MTip{}:
217      MTip{}
218    case MLeaf{k, v}:
219      MLeaf{k, calm.state(v)}
220    case MNode{p, lo, hi}:
221      MNode{p, calm.map(lo), calm.map(hi)}
222
223# The probes of a half-open breaker died with the process that ran them, so open counts none in flight.
224def calm(-A: Data, s: State<A>) -> State<A>:
225  State{q, ts, ds, bs} = s
226  State{q, ts, ds, calm.map(bs)}
227
228# ---- the transition
229
230def step.enqueued(-A: Data, r: Q.State<A> & Nat, ts: Tries(), ds: Graves(A), bs: Breakers(), d: Nat) -> State<A>:
231  (q, i) = r
232  State{q, O.OMap.put(~Nat, ~Try, ~Nat.cmp, ts, i, Try{0n, d}), ds, bs}
233
234def step.selected(-A: Data, r: Q.State<A> & Maybe<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, ts: Tries(), ds: Graves(A), bs: Breakers()) -> State<A>:
235  (q, t) = r
236  State{q, ts, ds, bs}
237
238def step.requeued(-A: Data, r: Q.State<A> & Bool, ts: Tries(), ds: Graves(A), bs: Breakers()) -> State<A>:
239  (q, b) = r
240  State{q, ts, ds, bs}
241
242# Complete takes the ticket from the running list only: O(running), not O(pending).
243def step.completed(-A: Data, r: Q.State<A> & Maybe<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, ts: Tries(), ds: Graves(A), bs: Breakers()) -> State<A>:
244  (q, t) = r
245  State{q, ts, ds, bs}
246
247# Abandon takes the ticket from the running list, as Complete does, and keeps it with its payload.
248def step.abandoned(~A: Data, r: Q.State<A> & Maybe<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, ts: Tries(), ds: Graves(A), bs: Breakers(), w: Why, +at: Nat) -> State<A>:
249  (q, t) = r
250  State{q, ts, dead.bury(~A, t, ds, w, at), bs}
251
252# The revived ticket keeps its payload and takes id i, the key it was dead under.
253def step.revived(~A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, Dead<A>>, +i: Nat, n: Nat, h: H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>>, r: List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, ts: Tries(), ds: Graves(A), bs: Breakers(), +d: Nat) -> State<A>:
254  match m:
255    case None{}:
256      State{Q.State{n, h, r}, ts, ds, bs}
257    case Some{Dead{Q.Ticket{k, old, x}, w, at}}:
258      State{Q.State{n, H.Heap.push(~Q.Ticket<A>, ~(a => b => Q.le(A, a, b)), Q.Ticket{i, d, x}, h), r}, O.OMap.put(~Nat, ~Try, ~Nat.cmp, ts, i, Try{0n, d}), ds, bs}
259
260# A closed breaker with no failures reads the same as an absent one, so it leaves the map.
261def step.broke(bs: Breakers(), k: String, b: Retry.State) -> Breakers():
262  match b:
263    case Retry.CircuitClosed{Nil{}}:
264      Map.del(&2, Retry.State, bs, k)
265    case b:
266      Map.set(&2, Retry.State, bs, k, b)
267
268# The state after op. Live and replay both run it, so they agree.
269def step(~A: Data, s: State<A>, op: Op<A>) -> State<A>:
270  match s op:
271    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Enqueue{+d, x}:
272      step.enqueued(A, Q.enqueue(~A, d, x, q), ts, ds, bs, d)
273    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Select{now}:
274      step.selected(A, Q.select(~A, now, q), ts, ds, bs)
275    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Complete{+i}:
276      step.completed(A, Q.complete(A, i, q), tries.drop(ts, i), ds, bs)
277    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Cancel{+i}:
278      State{Q.cancel(~A, i, q), tries.drop(ts, i), dead.drop(~A, ds, i), bs}
279    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Requeue{+i, d}:
280      step.requeued(A, Q.requeue(~A, i, d, q), tries.bump(ts, i), ds, bs)
281    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Defer{i, d}:
282      step.requeued(A, Q.requeue(~A, i, d, q), ts, ds, bs)
283    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Abandon{+i, w, at}:
284      step.abandoned(~A, Q.complete(A, i, q), tries.drop(ts, i), ds, bs, w, at)
285    case State{Q.State{n, h, r}, ts, +ds, bs} Revive{+i, d}:
286      step.revived(~A, dead.get(~A, ds, i), i, n, h, r, ts, dead.drop(~A, ds, i), bs, d)
287    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Purge{t}:
288      State{q, ts, dead.purge(~A, ds, t), bs}
289    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} PurgeAll{}:
290      State{q, ts, M.HMap.new(Nat, Dead<A>), bs}
291    case State{q, ts, ds, bs} Break{k, b}:
292      State{q, ts, ds, step.broke(bs, k, b)}
293
294def apply.op(~A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, s: State<A>) -> Maybe<&2, State<A>>:
295  match m:
296    case None{}:
297      None{}
298    case Some{op}:
299      Some{step(~A, s, op)}
300
301# Folds one record into the replayed state. A record that does not decode ends the replay with None.
302def apply(~A: Data, ~R: Type, ~dec: R -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, acc: Maybe<&2, State<A>>, r: R) -> Maybe<&2, State<A>>:
303  match acc:
304    case None{}:
305      None{}
306    case Some{s}:
307      apply.op(~A, dec(r), s)
308
309# A journal record. Compaction writes one Snap of the whole state; every other record is one op.
310type Rec<-A: Data> is Data:
311  Snap{state: State<A>}
312  Do{op: Op<A>}
313
314def load.rec(~A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, Rec<A>>, s: State<A>) -> Maybe<&2, State<A>>:
315  match m:
316    case None{}:
317      None{}
318    case Some{Snap{t}}:
319      Some{t}
320    case Some{Do{op}}:
321      Some{step(~A, s, op)}
322
323# Folds one record into the replayed state: a Snap replaces it, and an op steps it, as apply does.
324# A record that does not decode ends the replay with None.
325def load(~A: Data, ~R: Type, ~dec: R -> Maybe<&2, Rec<A>>, acc: Maybe<&2, State<A>>, r: R) -> Maybe<&2, State<A>>:
326  match acc:
327    case None{}:
328      None{}
329    case Some{s}:
330      load.rec(~A, dec(r), s)
331
332# ---- pool
333
334# Picked: a due ticket and one unit of the pool for it. Idle: no due ticket, or no free unit; the pool is unchanged.
335type Pick<-A: Data> is Type:
336  Picked{pool: Res.Pool, ticket: Q.Ticket<A>, grant: Res.Grant}
337  Idle{pool: Res.Pool}
338
339def pick.took(-A: Data, r: Res.Reserve, t: Q.Ticket<A>) -> Pick<A>:
340  match r:
341    case Res.Took{p, g}:
342      Picked{p, t, g}
343    case Res.Refused{p}:
344      Idle{p}
345
346def pick.due(-A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, p: Res.Pool) -> Pick<A>:
347  match m:
348    case None{}:
349      Idle{p}
350    case Some{t}:
351      pick.took(A, Res.reserve(p, 1n), t)
352
353def pick.sel(-A: Data, r: Q.State<A> & Maybe<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, p: Res.Pool) -> Pick<A>:
354  (q, m) = r
355  pick.due(A, m, p)
356
357# The ticket that Select{now} takes, with one unit of p, when there is a ticket due and a unit free.
358def pick(~A: Data, p: Res.Pool, s: State<A>, now: Nat) -> Pick<A>:
359  State{q, ts, ds, bs} = s
360  pick.sel(A, Q.select(~A, now, q), p)
361
362# ---- retry
363
364# The budget left for ticket i: the policy's attempts less its failures, until its start plus the policy deadline.
365def budget.of(+attempts: Nat, t: Maybe<&2, Try>, d: Maybe<&2, Nat>) -> Retry.Budget:
366  match t d:
367    case None{} m:
368      Retry.Budget{attempts, None{}}
369    case Some{Try{f, st}} None{}:
370      Retry.Budget{Nat.sub(attempts, f), None{}}
371    case Some{Try{f, +st}} Some{ms}:
372      Retry.Budget{Nat.sub(attempts, f), Some{Nat.add(st, ms)}}
373
374def budget(p: Retry.Policy, t: Maybe<&2, Try>) -> Retry.Budget:
375  Retry.Policy{a, base, cap, d} = p
376  budget.of(a, t, d)
377
378# The failures so far: the index of the next retry.
379def fails(t: Maybe<&2, Try>) -> Nat:
380  match t:
381    case None{}:
382      0n
383    case Some{Try{f, st}}:
384      f
385
386# Why retry stopped a transient failure: no attempt is left, or the next wait would reach the deadline.
387def gave(b: Retry.Budget) -> Why:
388  Retry.Budget{left, d} = b
389  match left:
390    case 0n:
391      WhySpent{}
392    case 1n+k:
393      WhyLate{}
394
395# A settled attempt completes its ticket; retry gave up at now on any other.
396def stopped(-A: Data, o: Retry.Outcome, b: Retry.Budget, +id: Nat, +now: Nat) -> Op<A>:
397  match o:
398    case Retry.Settled{}:
399      Complete{id}
400    case Retry.Failed{}:
401      Abandon{id, WhyFailed{}, now}
402    case Retry.Rejected{}:
403      Abandon{id, WhyFailed{}, now}
404    case Retry.Unsafe{}:
405      Abandon{id, WhyUnsafe{}, now}
406    case Retry.Transient{w}:
407      Abandon{id, gave(b), now}
408
409def after.plan(-A: Data, pl: Retry.Plan, o: Retry.Outcome, b: Retry.Budget, +id: Nat, +now: Nat) -> Op<A>:
410  match pl:
411    case Retry.PlanStop{}:
412      stopped(A, o, b, id, now)
413    case Retry.PlanWait{w}:
414      Requeue{id, Nat.add(now, w)}
415
416# The record after an attempt of ticket id ends at now with o: requeue at now plus retry's wait,
417# complete when o is settled, or abandon when retry gave up.
418def after(-A: Data, +o: Retry.Outcome, p: Retry.Policy, +b: Retry.Budget, +id: Nat, +n: Nat, +now: Nat, +r: Nat) -> Op<A>:
419  after.plan(A, Retry.plan(o, p, b, n, now, r), o, b, id, now)
420
421# A target's breaker after an attempt ends at now with o.
422def brk.after(+circ: Retry.Circuit, old: Retry.State, +now: Nat, o: Retry.Outcome) -> Retry.Breaker:
423  Retry.Breaker.done(Retry.BreakerOn{circ, old}, now, Retry.failed(o))
424
425# When an open breaker lets attempts start again.
426def until(br: Retry.Breaker, +now: Nat) -> Nat:
427  match br:
428    case Retry.BreakerOn{c, Retry.CircuitOpen{u}}:
429      u
430    case Retry.BreakerOn{c, Retry.CircuitClosed{fs}}:
431      Nat.add(now, Retry.Circuit.cooldown(c))
432    case Retry.BreakerOn{c, Retry.CircuitHalf{k}}:
433      Nat.add(now, Retry.Circuit.cooldown(c))
434    case Retry.BreakerOff{}:
435      now
436
437# The record for a ticket that admit refused: Defer to when the breaker may admit, or Abandon when its budget is spent or late.
438def held(-A: Data, why: Retry.Deny, br: Retry.Breaker, +id: Nat, +now: Nat) -> Op<A>:
439  match why:
440    case Retry.DenyOpen{}:
441      Defer{id, until(br, now)}
442    case Retry.DenyLate{}:
443      Abandon{id, WhyLate{}, now}
444    case Retry.DenySpent{}:
445      Abandon{id, WhySpent{}, now}
446
447# ---- the record codec: a u32le tag, then u64le fields; an Enqueue then holds the payload.
448# An Abandon is tag 8, then id, why.code, and at. A Purge is tag 11 and before; a PurgeAll is tag 12.
449# A Break is tag 10, then its target and its breaker state.
450
451def why.code(w: Why) -> Nat:
452  match w:
453    case WhySpent{}:
454      0n
455    case WhyLate{}:
456      1n
457    case WhyUnsafe{}:
458      2n
459    case WhyFailed{}:
460      3n
461
462def W() -> Nat:
463  Nat.mul(65536n, 65536n)
464
465# Nat fields hold values under 2^64.
466def put.u64(b: Bytes.Bytes, +at: U32, +n: Nat) -> Bytes.Bytes:
467  Bytes.set.u32le(Bytes.set.u32le(b, at, U32.from_nat(Nat.mod(n, W()))), (at + 4 : U32), U32.from_nat(Nat.div(n, W())))
468
469def head(+tag: U32, +a: Nat, +c: Nat) -> Bytes.Bytes:
470  put.u64(put.u64(Bytes.set.u32le(Bytes.new(20), 0, tag), 4, a), 12, c)
471
472def snap.u32(out: Bytes.Bytes, +v: U32) -> Bytes.Bytes:
473  Bytes.append(out, Bytes.set.u32le(Bytes.new(4), 0, v))
474
475def snap.u64(out: Bytes.Bytes, +n: Nat) -> Bytes.Bytes:
476  Bytes.append(out, put.u64(Bytes.new(8), 0, n))
477
478def snap.chars(s: String, out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
479  match s:
480    case SNil{}:
481      out
482    case SCon{Chr{c}, t}:
483      snap.chars(t, snap.u32(out, c))
484
485# A target is a u32 count of chars, then each char as a u32.
486def snap.key(out: Bytes.Bytes, +k: String) -> Bytes.Bytes:
487  snap.chars(k, snap.u32(out, Bytes.count(k, 0)))
488
489def snap.nats(xs: List<&2, Nat>, out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
490  match xs:
491    case Nil{}:
492      out
493    case Con{x, rest}:
494      snap.nats(rest, snap.u64(out, x))
495
496# A breaker state is a u32 kind. 0 is closed: a u32 count, then each failure as a u64. 1 is open: until. 2 is half-open: busy.
497def snap.brk(out: Bytes.Bytes, b: Retry.State) -> Bytes.Bytes:
498  match b:
499    case Retry.CircuitClosed{+fs}:
500      snap.nats(fs, snap.u32(snap.u32(out, 0), U32.from_nat(List.length(&2, Nat, fs))))
501    case Retry.CircuitOpen{u}:
502      snap.u64(snap.u32(out, 1), u)
503    case Retry.CircuitHalf{k}:
504      snap.u64(snap.u32(out, 2), k)
505
506def encode(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, op: Op<A>) -> Bytes.Bytes:
507  match op:
508    case Enqueue{+d, x}:
509      Bytes.append(put.u64(Bytes.set.u32le(Bytes.new(12), 0, 1), 4, d), penc(x))
510    case Select{+now}:
511      head(2, now, 0n)
512    case Complete{+i}:
513      head(3, i, 0n)
514    case Cancel{+i}:
515      head(4, i, 0n)
516    case Requeue{+i, +d}:
517      head(5, i, d)
518    case Defer{+i, +d}:
519      head(6, i, d)
520    case Abandon{+i, w, +at}:
521      Bytes.append(head(8, i, why.code(w)), put.u64(Bytes.new(8), 0, at))
522    case Revive{+i, +d}:
523      head(9, i, d)
524    case Purge{+t}:
525      head(11, t, 0n)
526    case PurgeAll{}:
527      head(12, 0n, 0n)
528    case Break{k, b}:
529      snap.brk(snap.key(snap.u32(Bytes.new(0), 10), k), b)
530
531def get.field(m: Maybe<&2, U32>) -> U32:
532  match m:
533    case None{}:
534      0
535    case Some{x}:
536      x
537
538def get.u32(r: Bytes.Bytes & Maybe<&2, U32>) -> Bytes.Bytes & U32:
539  (b, m) = r
540  (b, get.field(m))
541
542def get.hi(+lo: U32, r: Bytes.Bytes & Maybe<&2, U32>) -> Bytes.Bytes & Nat:
543  (b, m) = r
544  (b, Nat.add(U32.to_nat(lo), Nat.mul(U32.to_nat(get.field(m)), W())))
545
546def get.lo(+at: U32, r: Bytes.Bytes & Maybe<&2, U32>) -> Bytes.Bytes & Nat:
547  (b, m) = r
548  +lo = get.field(m)
549  get.hi(lo, Bytes.get.u32le(b, (at + 4 : U32)))
550
551def get.u64(b: Bytes.Bytes, +at: U32) -> Bytes.Bytes & Nat:
552  get.lo(at, Bytes.get.u32le(b, at))
553
554# ---- the snapshot codec: tag 7 and the next id, then the heap, the running list, the tries, the dead tickets, and the breakers.
555# A u32 flag starts each tree node and list cell (1) and marks each end (0), so decode rebuilds the same shape.
556# A ticket is its u64 id and deadline, then a u32 length and the payload.
557# The dead tickets are a trie: each node is a u32 kind, 0 empty, 1 a bucket, or 2 a branch, then its lo and hi nodes.
558# A bucket is its u32 hash, then a list of entries: the u64 key, the ticket, a u32 why.code, and the u64 abandon time.
559# A breaker is its target, then its state, as in a Break record.
560
561def snap.payload(out: Bytes.Bytes, p: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
562  Bytes.Bytes{+len, buf} = p
563  Bytes.append(snap.u32(out, len), Bytes.Bytes{len, buf})
564
565def snap.ticket(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, out: Bytes.Bytes, t: Q.Ticket<A>) -> Bytes.Bytes:
566  Q.Ticket{+i, +d, x} = t
567  snap.payload(snap.u64(snap.u64(out, i), d), penc(x))
568
569def snap.heap(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, h: H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>>, out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
570  match h:
571    case H.HLeaf{}:
572      snap.u32(out, 0)
573    case H.HNode{+n, t, l, r}:
574      snap.heap(~A, ~penc, r, snap.heap(~A, ~penc, l, snap.ticket(~A, ~penc, snap.u64(snap.u32(out, 1), n), t)))
575
576def snap.run(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, xs: List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
577  match xs:
578    case Nil{}:
579      snap.u32(out, 0)
580    case Con{t, rest}:
581      snap.run(~A, ~penc, rest, snap.ticket(~A, ~penc, snap.u32(out, 1), t))
582
583def snap.tries(ts: Tries(), out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
584  match ts:
585    case O.OTip{}:
586      snap.u32(out, 0)
587    case O.OBin{+n, +k, Try{+f, +st}, lo, hi}:
588      snap.tries(hi, snap.tries(lo, snap.u64(snap.u64(snap.u64(snap.u32(snap.u32(out, 1), n), k), f), st)))
589
590def snap.entries(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, es: List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>>, out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
591  match es:
592    case Nil{}:
593      snap.u32(out, 0)
594    case Con{M.Entry{k, Dead{t, w, at}}, rest}:
595      snap.entries(~A, ~penc, rest, snap.u64(snap.u32(snap.ticket(~A, ~penc, snap.u64(snap.u32(out, 1), k), t), U32.from_nat(why.code(w))), at))
596
597def snap.graves(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ds: Graves(A), out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
598  match ds:
599    case M.HNil{}:
600      snap.u32(out, 0)
601    case M.HLeaf{h, es}:
602      snap.entries(~A, ~penc, es, snap.u32(snap.u32(out, 1), h))
603    case M.HBranch{lo, hi}:
604      snap.graves(~A, ~penc, hi, snap.graves(~A, ~penc, lo, snap.u32(out, 2)))
605
606def snap.brks(xs: List<&2, Sigma<&2, &2, String, _ => Retry.State>>, out: Bytes.Bytes) -> Bytes.Bytes:
607  match xs:
608    case Nil{}:
609      snap.u32(out, 0)
610    case Con{(k, b), rest}:
611      snap.brks(rest, snap.brk(snap.key(snap.u32(out, 1), k), b))
612
613# The Snap record of s.
614def encode.snap(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, s: State<A>) -> Bytes.Bytes:
615  State{Q.State{+n, h, run}, ts, ds, bs} = s
616  snap.brks(Map.to_list(&2, Retry.State, bs),
617    snap.graves(~A, ~penc, ds, snap.tries(ts, snap.run(~A, ~penc, run, snap.heap(~A, ~penc, h, snap.u64(snap.u32(Bytes.new(0), 7), n))))))
618
619def encode.rec(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Rec<A>) -> Bytes.Bytes:
620  match r:
621    case Snap{s}:
622      encode.snap(~A, ~penc, s)
623    case Do{op}:
624      encode(~A, ~penc, op)
625
626# A snapshot reader: the record, and the offset of the next field.
627type Rd is Type:
628  Rd{b: Bytes.Bytes, at: U32}
629
630# One step of the snapshot decoder. None: a field runs past the record or does not decode.
631def Dec(-T: Type) -> Type:
632  Rd -> Maybe<&1, Rd & T>
633
634def Dec.next(-A: Type, -B: Type, m: Maybe<&1, Rd & A>, f: A -> Dec(B)) -> Maybe<&1, Rd & B>:
635  match m:
636    case None{}:
637      None{}
638    case Some{(r, x)}:
639      f(x)(r)
640
641def Dec.bind(-A: Type, -B: Type, m: Dec(A), f: A -> Dec(B)) -> Dec(B):
642  r => Dec.next(A, B, m(r), f)
643
644def Dec.pure(-A: Type, x: A) -> Dec(A):
645  r => Some{(r, x)}
646
647def Dec.fail(-A: Type) -> Dec(A):
648  r => None{}
649
650def rd.u32.of(m: Maybe<&2, U32>, b: Bytes.Bytes, +at: U32) -> Maybe<&1, Rd & U32>:
651  match m:
652    case None{}:
653      None{}
654    case Some{x}:
655      Some{(Rd{b, (at + 4 : U32)}, x)}
656
657def rd.u32.got(+at: U32, r: Bytes.Bytes & Maybe<&2, U32>) -> Maybe<&1, Rd & U32>:
658  (b, m) = r
659  rd.u32.of(m, b, at)
660
661def rd.u32.at(r: Rd) -> Maybe<&1, Rd & U32>:
662  Rd{b, +at} = r
663  rd.u32.got(at, Bytes.get.u32le(b, at))
664
665def rd.u32() -> Dec(U32):
666  r => rd.u32.at(r)
667
668def rd.u64.of(+lo: U32, +hi: U32) -> Nat:
669  Nat.add(U32.to_nat(lo), Nat.mul(U32.to_nat(hi), W()))
670
671def rd.u64() -> Dec(Nat):
672  do Dec<Nat>:
673    lo : U32 <- rd.u32()
674    hi : U32 <- rd.u32()
675    return rd.u64.of(lo, hi)
676
677def rd.cut.got(+at: U32, +n: U32, r: Bytes.Bytes & Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&1, Rd & Bytes.Bytes>:
678  (b, p) = r
679  Some{(Rd{b, (at + n : U32)}, p)}
680
681def rd.cut.if(ok: Bool, b: Bytes.Bytes, +at: U32, +n: U32) -> Maybe<&1, Rd & Bytes.Bytes>:
682  match ok:
683    case False{}:
684      None{}
685    case True{}:
686      rd.cut.got(at, n, Bytes.slice(b, at, n))
687
688def rd.cut.at(+n: U32, r: Rd) -> Maybe<&1, Rd & Bytes.Bytes>:
689  Rd{Bytes.Bytes{+len, buf}, +at} = r
690  rd.cut.if(Bytes.fits(len, at, n), Bytes.Bytes{len, buf}, at, n)
691
692# The next n octets.
693def rd.cut(+n: U32) -> Dec(Bytes.Bytes):
694  r => rd.cut.at(n, r)
695
696def rd.flag.of(+m: U32) -> Dec(Bool):
697  Bool.pick(Dec(Bool), U32.is_eq(m, 0), Dec.pure(Bool, False{}), Bool.pick(Dec(Bool), U32.is_eq(m, 1), Dec.pure(Bool, True{}), Dec.fail(Bool)))
698
699# A u32 flag: 1 is True, 0 is False, and any other value fails.
700def rd.flag() -> Dec(Bool):
701  Dec.bind(U32, Bool, rd.u32(), m => rd.flag.of(m))
702
703def rd.payload(-A: Data, +i: Nat, +d: Nat, m: Maybe<&2, A>) -> Dec(Q.Ticket<A>):
704  match m:
705    case None{}:
706      Dec.fail(Q.Ticket<A>)
707    case Some{x}:
708      Dec.pure(Q.Ticket<A>, Q.Ticket{i, d, x})
709
710def rd.ticket(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>) -> Dec(Q.Ticket<A>):
711  do Dec<Q.Ticket<A>>:
712    i : Nat <- rd.u64()
713    d : Nat <- rd.u64()
714    n : U32 <- rd.u32()
715    p : Bytes.Bytes <- rd.cut(n)
716    rd.payload(A, i, d, pdec(p))
717
718# Each rd.* tree reader takes the flag already read. fuel bounds the depth: every node holds at least one 4-octet flag.
719def rd.heap(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +fuel: Nat, node: Bool) -> Dec(H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>>):
720  match fuel node:
721    case 0n b:
722      Dec.fail(H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>>)
723    case 1n+f False{}:
724      Dec.pure(H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>>, H.HLeaf{})
725    case 1n+f True{}:
726      do Dec<H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>>>:
727        n : Nat <- rd.u64()
728        t : Q.Ticket<A> <- rd.ticket(~A, ~pdec)
729        lf : Bool <- rd.flag()
730        l : H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>> <- rd.heap(~A, ~pdec, f, lf)
731        rf : Bool <- rd.flag()
732        r : H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>> <- rd.heap(~A, ~pdec, f, rf)
733        return H.HNode{n, t, l, r}
734
735def rd.run(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +fuel: Nat, more: Bool) -> Dec(List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>):
736  match fuel more:
737    case 0n b:
738      Dec.fail(List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>)
739    case 1n+f False{}:
740      Dec.pure(List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, Nil{})
741    case 1n+f True{}:
742      do Dec<List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>>:
743        t : Q.Ticket<A> <- rd.ticket(~A, ~pdec)
744        m : Bool <- rd.flag()
745        rest : List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>> <- rd.run(~A, ~pdec, f, m)
746        return Con{t, rest}
747
748def rd.tries(+fuel: Nat, node: Bool) -> Dec(O.OMap<Nat, Try>):
749  match fuel node:
750    case 0n b:
751      Dec.fail(O.OMap<Nat, Try>)
752    case 1n+f False{}:
753      Dec.pure(O.OMap<Nat, Try>, O.OTip{})
754    case 1n+f True{}:
755      do Dec<O.OMap<Nat, Try>>:
756        n : U32 <- rd.u32()
757        k : Nat <- rd.u64()
758        fails : Nat <- rd.u64()
759        st : Nat <- rd.u64()
760        lf : Bool <- rd.flag()
761        lo : O.OMap<Nat, Try> <- rd.tries(f, lf)
762        hf : Bool <- rd.flag()
763        hi : O.OMap<Nat, Try> <- rd.tries(f, hf)
764        return O.OBin{n, k, Try{fails, st}, lo, hi}
765
766def rd.why(+c: U32) -> Dec(Why):
767  Bool.pick(Dec(Why), U32.is_eq(c, 0), Dec.pure(Why, WhySpent{}),
768  Bool.pick(Dec(Why), U32.is_eq(c, 1), Dec.pure(Why, WhyLate{}),
769  Bool.pick(Dec(Why), U32.is_eq(c, 2), Dec.pure(Why, WhyUnsafe{}),
770  Bool.pick(Dec(Why), U32.is_eq(c, 3), Dec.pure(Why, WhyFailed{}), Dec.fail(Why)))))
771
772def rd.entries(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +fuel: Nat, more: Bool) -> Dec(List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>>):
773  match fuel more:
774    case 0n b:
775      Dec.fail(List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>>)
776    case 1n+f False{}:
777      Dec.pure(List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>>, Nil{})
778    case 1n+f True{}:
779      do Dec<List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>>>:
780        k : Nat <- rd.u64()
781        t : Q.Ticket<A> <- rd.ticket(~A, ~pdec)
782        c : U32 <- rd.u32()
783        w : Why <- rd.why(c)
784        at : Nat <- rd.u64()
785        m : Bool <- rd.flag()
786        rest : List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>> <- rd.entries(~A, ~pdec, f, m)
787        return Con{M.Entry{k, Dead{t, w, at}}, rest}
788
789# A trie node whose kind is already read: nil is kind 0, leaf kind 1, and branch kind 2. Any other kind fails.
790def rd.graves(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +fuel: Nat, nil: Bool, leaf: Bool, branch: Bool) -> Dec(Graves(A)):
791  match fuel nil leaf branch:
792    case 0n a b c:
793      Dec.fail(Graves(A))
794    case 1n+f True{} b c:
795      Dec.pure(Graves(A), M.HNil{})
796    case 1n+f False{} True{} c:
797      do Dec<Graves(A)>:
798        h : U32 <- rd.u32()
799        m : Bool <- rd.flag()
800        es : List<&2, M.Entry<Nat, Dead<A>>> <- rd.entries(~A, ~pdec, f, m)
801        return M.HLeaf{h, es}
802    case 1n+f False{} False{} True{}:
803      do Dec<Graves(A)>:
804        +lk : U32 <- rd.u32()
805        lo : Graves(A) <- rd.graves(~A, ~pdec, f, U32.is_eq(lk, 0), U32.is_eq(lk, 1), U32.is_eq(lk, 2))
806        +hk : U32 <- rd.u32()
807        hi : Graves(A) <- rd.graves(~A, ~pdec, f, U32.is_eq(hk, 0), U32.is_eq(hk, 1), U32.is_eq(hk, 2))
808        return M.HBranch{lo, hi}
809    case 1n+f False{} False{} False{}:
810      Dec.fail(Graves(A))
811
812# Each rd.* sequence reader takes the count or flag already read. fuel bounds its length: every item holds at least 4 octets.
813def rd.chars(+fuel: Nat, end: Bool, +n: U32) -> Dec(String):
814  match fuel end:
815    case 0n b:
816      Dec.fail(String)
817    case 1n+f True{}:
818      Dec.pure(String, SNil{})
819    case 1n+f False{}:
820      +k = (n - 1 : U32)
821      do Dec<String>:
822        c : U32 <- rd.u32()
823        rest : String <- rd.chars(f, U32.is_eq(k, 0), k)
824        return SCon{Chr{c}, rest}
825
826def rd.key(+fuel: Nat) -> Dec(String):
827  do Dec<String>:
828    +n : U32 <- rd.u32()
829    rd.chars(fuel, U32.is_eq(n, 0), n)
830
831def rd.nats(+fuel: Nat, end: Bool, +n: U32) -> Dec(List<&2, Nat>):
832  match fuel end:
833    case 0n b:
834      Dec.fail(List<&2, Nat>)
835    case 1n+f True{}:
836      Dec.pure(List<&2, Nat>, Nil{})
837    case 1n+f False{}:
838      +k = (n - 1 : U32)
839      do Dec<List<&2, Nat>>:
840        x : Nat <- rd.u64()
841        rest : List<&2, Nat> <- rd.nats(f, U32.is_eq(k, 0), k)
842        return Con{x, rest}
843
844def rd.closed(+fuel: Nat) -> Dec(Retry.State):
845  do Dec<Retry.State>:
846    +n : U32 <- rd.u32()
847    fs : List<&2, Nat> <- rd.nats(fuel, U32.is_eq(n, 0), n)
848    return Retry.CircuitClosed{fs}
849
850def rd.brk.of(+fuel: Nat, +kind: U32) -> Dec(Retry.State):
851  Bool.pick(Dec(Retry.State), U32.is_eq(kind, 0), rd.closed(fuel),
852  Bool.pick(Dec(Retry.State), U32.is_eq(kind, 1), Dec.bind(Nat, Retry.State, rd.u64(), u => Dec.pure(Retry.State, Retry.CircuitOpen{u})),
853  Bool.pick(Dec(Retry.State), U32.is_eq(kind, 2), Dec.bind(Nat, Retry.State, rd.u64(), k => Dec.pure(Retry.State, Retry.CircuitHalf{k})), Dec.fail(Retry.State))))
854
855def rd.brk(+fuel: Nat) -> Dec(Retry.State):
856  Dec.bind(U32, Retry.State, rd.u32(), k => rd.brk.of(fuel, k))
857
858def rd.break(-A: Data, +fuel: Nat) -> Dec(Op<A>):
859  do Dec<Op<A>>:
860    k : String <- rd.key(fuel)
861    b : Retry.State <- rd.brk(fuel)
862    return Break{k, b}
863
864def rd.brks(+fuel: Nat, more: Bool, acc: Map<&2, Retry.State>) -> Dec(Map<&2, Retry.State>):
865  match fuel more:
866    case 0n b:
867      Dec.fail(Map<&2, Retry.State>)
868    case 1n+f False{}:
869      Dec.pure(Map<&2, Retry.State>, acc)
870    case 1n+f True{}:
871      do Dec<Map<&2, Retry.State>>:
872        k : String <- rd.key(f)
873        b : Retry.State <- rd.brk(f)
874        m : Bool <- rd.flag()
875        rd.brks(f, m, Map.set(&2, Retry.State, acc, k, b))
876
877def rd.state(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +fuel: Nat) -> Dec(State<A>):
878  do Dec<State<A>>:
879    n : Nat <- rd.u64()
880    hf : Bool <- rd.flag()
881    h : H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>> <- rd.heap(~A, ~pdec, fuel, hf)
882    rf : Bool <- rd.flag()
883    run : List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>> <- rd.run(~A, ~pdec, fuel, rf)
884    tf : Bool <- rd.flag()
885    ts : O.OMap<Nat, Try> <- rd.tries(fuel, tf)
886    +dk : U32 <- rd.u32()
887    ds : Graves(A) <- rd.graves(~A, ~pdec, fuel, U32.is_eq(dk, 0), U32.is_eq(dk, 1), U32.is_eq(dk, 2))
888    bf : Bool <- rd.flag()
889    bs : Map<&2, Retry.State> <- rd.brks(fuel, bf, Map.new(&2, Retry.State))
890    return State{Q.State{n, h, run}, ts, ds, bs}
891
892# The value read, when the reader ended at len, the record's end.
893def rd.done(-T: Data, +len: U32, m: Maybe<&1, Rd & T>) -> Maybe<&2, T>:
894  match m:
895    case None{}:
896      None{}
897    case Some{(Rd{b, +at}, +x)}:
898      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, T>, U32.is_eq(at, len), Some{x}, None{})
899
900# The Abandon of ticket a at e whose why.code is c, or None for any other code.
901def decode.abandon(-A: Data, +a: Nat, +c: Nat, +e: Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
902  Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, Nat.is_eq(c, 0n), Some{Abandon{a, WhySpent{}, e}},
903  Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, Nat.is_eq(c, 1n), Some{Abandon{a, WhyLate{}, e}},
904  Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, Nat.is_eq(c, 2n), Some{Abandon{a, WhyUnsafe{}, e}},
905  Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, Nat.is_eq(c, 3n), Some{Abandon{a, WhyFailed{}, e}}, None{}))))
906
907def decode.small(-A: Data, ok: Bool, +tag: U32, +a: Nat, +c: Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
908  match ok:
909    case False{}:
910      None{}
911    case True{}:
912      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 2), Some{Select{a}},
913      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 3), Some{Complete{a}},
914      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 4), Some{Cancel{a}},
915      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 5), Some{Requeue{a, c}},
916      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 6), Some{Defer{a, c}},
917      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 9), Some{Revive{a, c}},
918      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 11), Some{Purge{a}},
919      Bool.pick(Maybe<&2, Op<A>>, U32.is_eq(tag, 12), Some{PurgeAll{}}, None{}))))))))
920
921def decode.long(-A: Data, ok: Bool, +a: Nat, +c: Nat, r: Bytes.Bytes & Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
922  match ok:
923    case False{}:
924      None{}
925    case True{}:
926      (b, +e) = r
927      decode.abandon(A, a, c, e)
928
929def decode.payload(-A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, A>, +d: Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
930  match m:
931    case None{}:
932      None{}
933    case Some{x}:
934      Some{Enqueue{d, x}}
935
936def decode.c.if(-A: Data, abandon: Bool, +tag: U32, +len: U32, +a: Nat, +c: Nat, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
937  match abandon:
938    case True{}:
939      decode.long(A, U32.is_eq(len, 28), a, c, get.u64(b, 20))
940    case False{}:
941      decode.small(A, U32.is_eq(len, 20), tag, a, c)
942
943# An Abandon is 28 octets; every other op without a payload is 20.
944def decode.c(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +tag: U32, +len: U32, +a: Nat, r: Bytes.Bytes & Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
945  (b, +c) = r
946  decode.c.if(A, U32.is_eq(tag, 8), tag, len, a, c, b)
947
948def decode.kind(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, enq: Bool, +tag: U32, +len: U32, +a: Nat, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
949  match enq:
950    case True{}:
951      decode.payload(A, pdec(Bytes.snd(Bytes.slice(b, 12, (len - 12 : U32)))), a)
952    case False{}:
953      decode.c(~A, ~pdec, tag, len, a, get.u64(b, 12))
954
955def decode.a(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +tag: U32, +len: U32, r: Bytes.Bytes & Nat) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
956  (b, +a) = r
957  decode.kind(~A, ~pdec, U32.is_eq(tag, 1), tag, len, a, b)
958
959def decode.tag.if(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, brk: Bool, +tag: U32, +len: U32, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
960  match brk:
961    case True{}:
962      rd.done(Op<A>, len, rd.break(A, U32.to_nat((len / 4 + 1 : U32)))(Rd{b, 4}))
963    case False{}:
964      decode.a(~A, ~pdec, tag, len, get.u64(b, 4))
965
966def decode.tag(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +len: U32, r: Bytes.Bytes & U32) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
967  (b, +tag) = r
968  decode.tag.if(~A, ~pdec, U32.is_eq(tag, 10), tag, len, b)
969
970def decode.len(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, ok: Bool, +len: U32, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
971  match ok:
972    case False{}:
973      None{}
974    case True{}:
975      decode.tag(~A, ~pdec, len, get.u32(Bytes.get.u32le(b, 0)))
976
977# The op of a record, or None when it is not one that encode writes.
978def decode(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, Op<A>>:
979  Bytes.Bytes{+len, buf} = b
980  decode.len(~A, ~pdec, U32.is_ge(len, 12), len, Bytes.Bytes{len, buf})
981
982# The state of a Snap record whose tag is already checked. The decoder must end at the record's end.
983def decode.snap(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, State<A>>:
984  Bytes.Bytes{+len, buf} = b
985  rd.done(State<A>, len, rd.state(~A, ~pdec, U32.to_nat((len / 4 + 1 : U32)))(Rd{Bytes.Bytes{len, buf}, 4}))
986
987def decode.snapped(-A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, State<A>>) -> Maybe<&2, Rec<A>>:
988  match m:
989    case None{}:
990      None{}
991    case Some{s}:
992      Some{Snap{s}}
993
994def decode.did(-A: Data, m: Maybe<&2, Op<A>>) -> Maybe<&2, Rec<A>>:
995  match m:
996    case None{}:
997      None{}
998    case Some{op}:
999      Some{Do{op}}
1000
1001def decode.rec.if(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, snap: Bool, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, Rec<A>>:
1002  match snap:
1003    case True{}:
1004      decode.snapped(A, decode.snap(~A, ~pdec, b))
1005    case False{}:
1006      decode.did(A, decode(~A, ~pdec, b))
1007
1008def decode.rec.tag(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, r: Bytes.Bytes & U32) -> Maybe<&2, Rec<A>>:
1009  (b, +tag) = r
1010  decode.rec.if(~A, ~pdec, U32.is_eq(tag, 7), b)
1011
1012# The Rec of a journal record, or None when it is neither a Snap nor an op that encode.rec writes.
1013def decode.rec(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, Rec<A>>:
1014  decode.rec.tag(~A, ~pdec, get.u32(Bytes.get.u32le(b, 0)))
1015
1016# ---- the runner
1017
1018# policy: retry's policy for each ticket. circuit: the breaker of each target. idle: ms that drain waits when no attempt started.
1019# compact: tick compacts the journal once records past this many octets were appended since open or the last compaction; 0 never.
1020type Config is Data:
1021  Config{policy: Retry.Policy, circuit: Retry.Circuit, idle: U32, compact: U32}
1022
1023# The journal, its path, its file cap, and its length at open or at the last compaction.
1024type Log is Type:
1025  Log{journal: J.Journal, path: String, limit: U32, base: U32}
1026
1027# An attempt that runs: its unit of the pool, the budget that admit left, and its target.
1028type Flight<-A: Data> is Type:
1029  Flight{ticket: Q.Ticket<A>, grant: Res.Grant, budget: Retry.Budget, target: String}
1030
1031def Out(-X: Type) -> Type:
1032  Result<&1, &1, U32 & String, X>
1033
1034# A message to the fiber that owns the runner. Ended: an attempt finished. Add and Drop: another fiber asks for an enqueue or a cancel.
1035type Msg<-A: Data> is Type:
1036  Ended{id: Nat, outcome: Retry.Outcome}
1037  Add{deadline: Nat, payload: A, reply: Chan(Out(Nat))}
1038  Drop{id: Nat, reply: Chan(Out(Unit))}
1039
1040# An open runner. Replaying its journal gives its state; its pool bounds the attempts that run at once.
1041# Each attempt sends its outcome, and each other fiber its ask, on inbox. flights are the attempts that run.
1042type Runner<-A: Data> is Type:
1043  Runner{log: Log, state: State<A>, pool: Res.Pool, config: Config, inbox: Chan(Msg<A>), flights: List<&1, Flight<A>>}
1044
1045# The runner, the claim fuel left, and the first error.
1046def Claimed(-A: Data) -> Type:
1047  Runner<A> & Nat & Out(Unit)
1048
1049def Ran(-A: Data) -> Type:
1050  Runner<A> & Out(Unit)
1051
1052# Wall-clock ms since the Unix epoch. Deadlines must keep their meaning across a restart.
1053def clock() -> IO(Nat):
1054  do IO<Nat>:
1055    t : Time.Instant <- Time.now()
1056    return Time.Duration.to_ms_nat(Time.Instant.since_epoch(t))
1057
1058def first(a: Out(Unit), b: Out(Unit)) -> Out(Unit):
1059  match a:
1060    case Fail{e}:
1061      Fail{e}
1062    case Done{u}:
1063      b
1064
1065def log.appended(+path: String, +limit: U32, +base: U32, x: J.Journal & Out(Unit)) -> Log & Out(Unit):
1066  (j, o) = x
1067  (Log{j, path, limit, base}, o)
1068
1069def log.append(l: Log, p: Bytes.Bytes) -> IO(Log & Out(Unit)):
1070  Log{j, +path, +limit, +base} = l
1071  do IO<Log & Out(Unit)>:
1072    x : J.Journal & Out(Unit) <- J.append(j, p)
1073    return log.appended(path, limit, base, x)
1074
1075def log.close(l: Log) -> IO(Unit):
1076  Log{j, path, limit, base} = l
1077  J.close(j)
1078
1079# The journal reads with limit as its record cap, so that a snapshot fits; appends keep max.
1080def log.of(j: J.Journal, +max: U32, path: String, +limit: U32) -> Log:
1081  J.Journal{file, cap, +end, ok} = j
1082  Log{J.Journal{file, max, end, ok}, path, limit, end}
1083
1084def commit.done(~A: Data, x: Log & Out(Unit), s: State<A>, +op: Op<A>, p: Res.Pool, c: Config, ib: Chan(Msg<A>), fs: List<&1, Flight<A>>) -> Ran(A):
1085  match x:
1086    case (j, Done{u}):
1087      (Runner{j, step(~A, s, op), p, c, ib, fs}, Done{u})
1088    case (j, Fail{e}):
1089      (Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, Fail{e})
1090
1091# Appends op, and applies it once the append is durable. After a failed append the state is as it was,
1092# and the journal refuses every later append until the runner is reopened.
1093def commit(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>, +op: Op<A>) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1094  Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1095  do IO<Ran(A)>:
1096    x : Log & Out(Unit) <- log.append(j, encode(~A, ~penc, op))
1097    return commit.done(~A, x, s, op, p, c, ib, fs)
1098
1099def enqueue.done(-A: Data, +id: Nat, y: Ran(A)) -> Runner<A> & Out(Nat):
1100  match y:
1101    case (r, Done{u}):
1102      (r, Done{id})
1103    case (r, Fail{e}):
1104      (r, Fail{e})
1105
1106# Adds a job that is due at deadline (wall-clock ms) and answers its ticket id once the record is durable.
1107def enqueue(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>, +deadline: Nat, x: A) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Nat)):
1108  Runner{j, +s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1109  do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Nat)>:
1110    y : Ran(A) <- commit(~A, ~penc, Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, Enqueue{deadline, x})
1111    return enqueue.done(A, Q.next_id(A, queue(A, s)), y)
1112
1113# Cancels ticket id. A running attempt finishes, but its ticket is never selected again. A dead ticket is dropped.
1114def cancel(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>, +id: Nat) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1115  commit(~A, ~penc, r, Cancel{id})
1116
1117# Makes dead ticket id pending again at deadline (wall-clock ms), with its payload and a new retry budget.
1118# A ticket that is not dead does not change.
1119def revive(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>, +id: Nat, +deadline: Nat) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1120  commit(~A, ~penc, r, Revive{id, deadline})
1121
1122# Drops, as one record, the dead tickets that retry gave up on before `before` (wall-clock ms).
1123def purge(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>, +before: Nat) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1124  commit(~A, ~penc, r, Purge{before})
1125
1126# Drops every dead ticket, as one record.
1127def purge.all(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1128  commit(~A, ~penc, r, PurgeAll{})
1129
1130# ---- asks from other fibers
1131
1132# The runner back, and its inbox. Another fiber passes the inbox to ask.enqueue and ask.cancel.
1133def inbox(-A: Data, r: Runner<A>) -> Runner<A> & Chan(Msg<A>):
1134  Runner{j, s, p, c, +ib, fs} = r
1135  (Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, ib)
1136
1137def ask.answer(-X: Type, m: Maybe<&1, Out(X)>) -> Out(X):
1138  match m:
1139    case None{}:
1140      Fail{(32, "runner: the runner closed before it answered")}
1141    case Some{o}:
1142      o
1143
1144def ask.sent(-A: Data, -X: Type, x: Result<&1, &1, Msg<A>, Unit>, +rep: Chan(Out(X))) -> IO(Out(X)):
1145  match x:
1146    case Fail{m}:
1147      IO.pure(Out(X), Fail{(32, "runner: the inbox is closed")})
1148    case Done{u}:
1149      do IO<Out(X)>:
1150        a : Maybe<&1, Out(X)> <- Chan.recv(Out(X), rep)
1151        return ask.answer(X, a)
1152
1153# Sends m, built with a new reply channel, on the inbox and waits for the reply.
1154def ask(-A: Data, -X: Type, +ib: Chan(Msg<A>), m: Chan(Out(X)) -> Msg<A>) -> IO(Out(X)):
1155  do IO<Out(X)>:
1156    +rep : Chan(Out(X)) <- Chan.new(Out(X), 1)
1157    x : Result<&1, &1, Msg<A>, Unit> <- Chan.send(Msg<A>, ib, m(rep))
1158    ask.sent(A, X, x, rep)
1159
1160# From another fiber: adds a job due at deadline, and answers its ticket id once the record is durable.
1161# The answer comes when the fiber that owns the runner reads the inbox, in tick or drain.
1162def ask.enqueue(-A: Data, +ib: Chan(Msg<A>), +deadline: Nat, x: A) -> IO(Out(Nat)):
1163  ask(A, Nat, ib, rep => Add{deadline, x, rep})
1164
1165# From another fiber: cancels ticket id, as cancel does. The answer comes when the owner reads the inbox.
1166def ask.cancel(-A: Data, +ib: Chan(Msg<A>), +id: Nat) -> IO(Out(Unit)):
1167  ask(A, Unit, ib, rep => Drop{id, rep})
1168
1169# ---- one round
1170
1171# A grant of this runner's pool always fits it, so Kept does not happen.
1172def release.got(-A: Data, x: Res.Release, j: Log, s: State<A>, c: Config, ib: Chan(Msg<A>), fs: List<&1, Flight<A>>) -> Runner<A>:
1173  match x:
1174    case Res.Released{p}:
1175      Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}
1176    case Res.Kept{p, g}:
1177      Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}
1178
1179def release(-A: Data, r: Runner<A>, g: Res.Grant) -> Runner<A>:
1180  Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1181  release.got(A, Res.release(p, g), j, s, c, ib, fs)
1182
1183def claim.held(-A: Data, y: Ran(A), g: Res.Grant, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Claimed(A))) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1184  match y:
1185    case (r, Fail{e}):
1186      IO.pure(Claimed(A), (release(A, r, g), 0n, Fail{e}))
1187    case (r, Done{u}):
1188      next(release(A, r, g))
1189
1190def claim.tag(-A: Data, +id: Nat, o: Retry.Outcome) -> IO(Msg<A>):
1191  IO.pure(Msg<A>, Ended{id, o})
1192
1193def trip.if(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, same: Bool, r: Runner<A>, +key: String, st: Retry.State) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1194  match same:
1195    case True{}:
1196      IO.pure(Ran(A), (r, Done{Unit{}}))
1197    case False{}:
1198      commit(~A, ~penc, r, Break{key, st})
1199
1200# Appends a Break when the target's breaker left old, so that a reopen restores it.
1201def trip(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>, +key: String, +old: Retry.State, br: Retry.Breaker) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1202  +st = brk.state(br, old)
1203  trip.if(~A, ~penc, brk.same(old, st), r, key, st)
1204
1205def claim.go(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +now: Nat, gate: Retry.Gate, +br: Retry.Breaker, b: Retry.Budget, +key: String,
1206    r: Runner<A>, +id: Nat, d: Nat, +x: A, g: Res.Grant, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Claimed(A))) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1207  match gate:
1208    case Retry.GateGo{}:
1209      Runner{j, s, p, c, +ib, fs} = r
1210      do IO<Claimed(A)>:
1211        u : Chan(Msg<A>) <- IO.fork.go(Msg<A>, IO.bind(Retry.Outcome, Msg<A>, work(x), o => claim.tag(A, id, o)), ib)
1212        next(Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, Con{Flight{Q.Ticket{id, d, x}, g, b, key}, fs}})
1213    case Retry.GateNo{why}:
1214      do IO<Claimed(A)>:
1215        y : Ran(A) <- commit(~A, ~penc, r, held(A, why, br, id, now))
1216        claim.held(A, y, g, next)
1217
1218def claim.tripped(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +now: Nat, y: Ran(A), gate: Retry.Gate, +br: Retry.Breaker, b: Retry.Budget, +key: String,
1219    +id: Nat, d: Nat, +x: A, g: Res.Grant, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Claimed(A))) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1220  match y:
1221    case (r, Fail{e}):
1222      IO.pure(Claimed(A), (release(A, r, g), 0n, Fail{e}))
1223    case (r, Done{u}):
1224      claim.go(~A, ~penc, ~work, now, gate, br, b, key, r, id, d, x, g, next)
1225
1226# A change to the breaker is durable before the attempt starts.
1227def claim.gate(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +now: Nat, a: Retry.Breaker & Retry.Budget & Retry.Gate, +key: String, +old: Retry.State,
1228    r: Runner<A>, +id: Nat, d: Nat, +x: A, g: Res.Grant, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Claimed(A))) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1229  (+br, b, gate) = a
1230  do IO<Claimed(A)>:
1231    y : Ran(A) <- trip(~A, ~penc, r, key, old, br)
1232    claim.tripped(~A, ~penc, ~work, now, y, gate, br, b, key, id, d, x, g, next)
1233
1234# The selected ticket asks its target's breaker and its own budget for an attempt.
1235def claim.admit(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +now: Nat, r: Runner<A>, t: Q.Ticket<A>, g: Res.Grant,
1236    next: Runner<A> -> IO(Claimed(A))) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1237  Runner{j, +s, p, +c, ib, fs} = r
1238  Config{pol, circ, idle, every} = c
1239  Q.Ticket{+id, d, +x} = t
1240  +key = target(x)
1241  +old = brk.get(A, s, key)
1242  claim.gate(~A, ~penc, ~work, now, Retry.admit(Retry.BreakerOn{circ, old}, budget(pol, tries.get(tries(A, s), id)), now), key, old,
1243    Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, id, d, x, g, next)
1244
1245def claim.selected(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +now: Nat, y: Ran(A),
1246    t: Q.Ticket<A>, g: Res.Grant, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Claimed(A))) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1247  match y:
1248    case (r, Fail{e}):
1249      IO.pure(Claimed(A), (release(A, r, g), 0n, Fail{e}))
1250    case (r, Done{u}):
1251      claim.admit(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, now, r, t, g, next)
1252
1253def claim.pick(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +left: Nat, +now: Nat, k: Pick<A>, j: Log, s: State<A>,
1254    c: Config, ib: Chan(Msg<A>), fs: List<&1, Flight<A>>, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Claimed(A))) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1255  match k:
1256    case Idle{p}:
1257      IO.pure(Claimed(A), (Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, Nat.add(1n, left), Done{Unit{}}))
1258    case Picked{p, t, g}:
1259      do IO<Claimed(A)>:
1260        y : Ran(A) <- commit(~A, ~penc, Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, Select{now})
1261        claim.selected(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, now, y, t, g, next)
1262
1263# Starts an attempt for each due ticket while the pool has a free unit; each attempt sends its outcome on the inbox.
1264# fuel bounds the tickets taken, and the fuel left comes back.
1265def claim(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), fuel: Nat, +now: Nat, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Claimed(A)):
1266  match fuel:
1267    case 0n:
1268      IO.pure(Claimed(A), (r, 0n, Done{Unit{}}))
1269    case 1n+n:
1270      Runner{j, +s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1271      +m = n
1272      claim.pick(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, m, now, pick(~A, p, s, now), j, s, c, ib, fs, (r2 => claim(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, m, now, r2)))
1273
1274def settle.done(-A: Data, y: Ran(A), g: Res.Grant, err: Out(Unit), next: Runner<A> -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1275  (r, res) = y
1276  next(release(A, r, g), first(err, res))
1277
1278def settle.br(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, +op: Op<A>, y: Ran(A), g: Res.Grant, err: Out(Unit),
1279    next: Runner<A> -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1280  match y:
1281    case (r, Fail{e}):
1282      next(release(A, r, g), first(err, Fail{e}))
1283    case (r, Done{u}):
1284      do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1285        z : Ran(A) <- commit(~A, ~penc, r, op)
1286        settle.done(A, z, g, err, next)
1287
1288# Tells the target's breaker, appends the outcome's op, and returns the attempt's unit to the pool.
1289# The op of a cancelled ticket changes no state: the queue no longer holds it.
1290def settle.op(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, +o: Retry.Outcome, b: Retry.Budget, +id: Nat, +key: String, +now: Nat, +rnd: Nat, r: Runner<A>, g: Res.Grant,
1291    err: Out(Unit), next: Runner<A> -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1292  Runner{j, +s, p, +c, ib, fs} = r
1293  Config{pol, circ, idle, every} = c
1294  +old = brk.get(A, s, key)
1295  do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1296    y : Ran(A) <- trip(~A, ~penc, Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, key, old, brk.after(circ, old, now, o))
1297    settle.br(~A, ~penc, after(A, o, pol, b, id, fails(tries.get(tries(A, s), id)), now, rnd), y, g, err, next)
1298
1299def random(r: Out(U32)) -> Nat:
1300  match r:
1301    case Done{x}:
1302      U32.to_nat(x)
1303    case Fail{e}:
1304      0n
1305
1306def take.keep(-A: Data, m: Maybe<&1, Flight<A>>, xs: List<&1, Flight<A>>) -> List<&1, Flight<A>>:
1307  match m:
1308    case None{}:
1309      xs
1310    case Some{f}:
1311      Con{f, xs}
1312
1313def take.at(-A: Data, eq: Bool, f: Flight<A>, r: Maybe<&1, Flight<A>> & List<&1, Flight<A>>) -> Maybe<&1, Flight<A>> & List<&1, Flight<A>>:
1314  match eq:
1315    case True{}:
1316      (m, xs) = r
1317      (Some{f}, take.keep(A, m, xs))
1318    case False{}:
1319      (m, xs) = r
1320      (m, Con{f, xs})
1321
1322# The flight of ticket id, and the other flights.
1323def take(-A: Data, fs: List<&1, Flight<A>>, +id: Nat) -> Maybe<&1, Flight<A>> & List<&1, Flight<A>>:
1324  match fs:
1325    case Nil{}:
1326      (None{}, Nil{})
1327    case Con{Flight{Q.Ticket{+i, d, x}, g, b, k}, rest}:
1328      take.at(A, Nat.is_eq(i, id), Flight{Q.Ticket{i, d, x}, g, b, k}, take(A, rest, id))
1329
1330def settle.flight(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, mf: Maybe<&1, Flight<A>>, +o: Retry.Outcome, +now: Nat, +rnd: Nat, r: Runner<A>, err: Out(Unit),
1331    next: Runner<A> -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1332  match mf:
1333    case None{}:
1334      next(r, err)
1335    case Some{Flight{Q.Ticket{id, d, x}, g, b, key}}:
1336      settle.op(~A, ~penc, o, b, id, key, now, rnd, r, g, err, next)
1337
1338def settle.take(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, t: Maybe<&1, Flight<A>> & List<&1, Flight<A>>, +o: Retry.Outcome, +now: Nat, +rnd: Nat,
1339    j: Log, s: State<A>, p: Res.Pool, c: Config, ib: Chan(Msg<A>), err: Out(Unit),
1340    next: Runner<A> -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1341  (mf, fs) = t
1342  settle.flight(~A, ~penc, mf, o, now, rnd, Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, err, next)
1343
1344# Settles the flight of ticket id with outcome o.
1345def settle(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, +id: Nat, +o: Retry.Outcome, +now: Nat, +rnd: Nat, r: Runner<A>, err: Out(Unit),
1346    next: Runner<A> -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1347  Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1348  settle.take(~A, ~penc, take(A, fs, id), o, now, rnd, j, s, p, c, ib, err, next)
1349
1350# Sends the failure to the asker, and keeps it as the round's error.
1351def asked.failed(-A: Data, -X: Type, +rep: Chan(Out(X)), r: Runner<A>, +c: U32, +m: String, err: Out(Unit),
1352    next: Runner<A> -> Nat -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1353  do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1354    x : Result<&1, &1, Out(X), Unit> <- Chan.send(Out(X), rep, Fail{(c, m)})
1355    next(r, 0n, first(err, Fail{(c, m)}))
1356
1357def asked.fail(-A: Data, -X: Type, +rep: Chan(Out(X)), r: Runner<A>, e: U32 & String, err: Out(Unit),
1358    next: Runner<A> -> Nat -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1359  (c, m) = e
1360  asked.failed(A, X, rep, r, c, m, err, next)
1361
1362def added(-A: Data, +rep: Chan(Out(Nat)), y: Runner<A> & Out(Nat), err: Out(Unit),
1363    next: Runner<A> -> Nat -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1364  match y:
1365    case (r, Done{+i}):
1366      do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1367        x : Result<&1, &1, Out(Nat), Unit> <- Chan.send(Out(Nat), rep, Done{i})
1368        next(r, 1n, err)
1369    case (r, Fail{e}):
1370      asked.fail(A, Nat, rep, r, e, err, next)
1371
1372def dropped(-A: Data, +rep: Chan(Out(Unit)), y: Ran(A), err: Out(Unit),
1373    next: Runner<A> -> Nat -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1374  match y:
1375    case (r, Done{u}):
1376      do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1377        x : Result<&1, &1, Out(Unit), Unit> <- Chan.send(Out(Unit), rep, Done{Unit{}})
1378        next(r, 0n, err)
1379    case (r, Fail{e}):
1380      asked.fail(A, Unit, rep, r, e, err, next)
1381
1382# Settles an ended attempt, or appends an ask's op and answers it. next gets the claim fuel the message adds: 1 for an enqueue.
1383def handle(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, m: Msg<A>, +now: Nat, +rnd: Nat, r: Runner<A>, err: Out(Unit),
1384    next: Runner<A> -> Nat -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1385  match m:
1386    case Ended{+id, +o}:
1387      settle(~A, ~penc, id, o, now, rnd, r, err, (r2 => e2 => next(r2, 0n, e2)))
1388    case Add{+d, x, +rep}:
1389      IO.bind(Runner<A> & Out(Nat), Runner<A> & Out(Bool), enqueue(~A, ~penc, r, d, x), y => added(A, rep, y, err, next))
1390    case Drop{+i, +rep}:
1391      IO.bind(Ran(A), Runner<A> & Out(Bool), cancel(~A, ~penc, r, i), y => dropped(A, rep, y, err, next))
1392
1393def merged(-A: Data, e: Out(Unit), k: Claimed(A)) -> Claimed(A):
1394  (r, n, err) = k
1395  (r, n, first(e, err))
1396
1397def empty.heap(-A: Data, h: H.Heap<Q.Ticket<A>>) -> Bool:
1398  match h:
1399    case H.HLeaf{}:
1400      True{}
1401    case H.HNode{n, t, l, r}:
1402      False{}
1403
1404def empty.list(-A: Data, xs: List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>) -> Bool:
1405  match xs:
1406    case Nil{}:
1407      True{}
1408    case Con{t, rest}:
1409      False{}
1410
1411# No ticket is pending or running. Dead tickets wait for a Revive, so they do not count.
1412def idle(-A: Data, s: State<A>) -> Bool:
1413  State{Q.State{n, h, run}, ts, ds, bs} = s
1414  Bool.and(empty.heap(A, h), empty.list(A, run))
1415
1416def pending(-A: Data, s: State<A>) -> Nat:
1417  State{Q.State{n, h, run}, ts, ds, bs} = s
1418  H.Heap.size(Q.Ticket<A>, h)
1419
1420# The flights back, and whether none runs.
1421def flights.none(-A: Data, fs: List<&1, Flight<A>>) -> List<&1, Flight<A>> & Bool:
1422  match fs:
1423    case Nil{}:
1424      (Nil{}, True{})
1425    case Con{f, rest}:
1426      (Con{f, rest}, False{})
1427
1428# ---- compaction
1429
1430# Kept: compaction failed before the rename, and the old journal stands.
1431# Lost: the rename happened, but the new journal did not open. Moved: the journal at path is the snapshot.
1432type Swap is Type:
1433  Kept{err: U32 & String}
1434  Lost{err: U32 & String}
1435  Moved{journal: J.Journal}
1436
1437def swap.reopened(x: Out(J.Journal & Unit)) -> Swap:
1438  match x:
1439    case Fail{e}:
1440      Lost{e}
1441    case Done{(j, u)}:
1442      Moved{j}
1443
1444# The reopen fsyncs the directory, so the rename is durable before the next append.
1445def swap.renamed(+path: String, +limit: U32, x: Out(Unit)) -> IO(Swap):
1446  match x:
1447    case Fail{e}:
1448      IO.pure(Swap, Kept{e})
1449    case Done{u}:
1450      do IO<Swap>:
1451        y : Out(J.Journal & Unit) <- J.open(~Unit, ~(a => b => a), path, limit, limit, Unit{})
1452        return swap.reopened(y)
1453
1454def swap.written(+path: String, +tmp: String, +limit: U32, x: J.Journal & Out(Unit)) -> IO(Swap):
1455  match x:
1456    case (t, Fail{e}):
1457      do IO<Swap>:
1458        J.close(t)
1459        return Kept{e}
1460    case (t, Done{u}):
1461      do IO<Swap>:
1462        J.close(t)
1463        y : Out(Unit) <- Files.rename(tmp, path)
1464        swap.renamed(path, limit, y)
1465
1466def swap.opened(+path: String, +tmp: String, +limit: U32, x: Out(J.Journal & Unit), snap: Bytes.Bytes) -> IO(Swap):
1467  match x:
1468    case Fail{e}:
1469      IO.pure(Swap, Kept{e})
1470    case Done{(t, u)}:
1471      do IO<Swap>:
1472        y : J.Journal & Out(Unit) <- J.append(t, snap)
1473        swap.written(path, tmp, limit, y)
1474
1475# Writes snap as the only record of path.compact, fsyncs it, and renames it over path.
1476def swap(+path: String, +limit: U32, snap: Bytes.Bytes) -> IO(Swap):
1477  +tmp = path ++ ".compact"
1478  do IO<Swap>:
1479    gone : Out(Unit) <- Files.remove(tmp)
1480    x : Out(J.Journal & Unit) <- J.open(~Unit, ~(a => b => a), tmp, limit, limit, Unit{})
1481    swap.opened(path, tmp, limit, x, snap)
1482
1483def log.stop(j: J.Journal) -> J.Journal:
1484  J.Journal{file, max, end, ok} = j
1485  J.Journal{file, max, end, False{}}
1486
1487def compact.moved(x: Swap, j: J.Journal, +max: U32, path: String, +limit: U32, +base: U32) -> IO(Log & Out(Unit)):
1488  match x:
1489    case Kept{e}:
1490      IO.pure(Log & Out(Unit), (Log{j, path, limit, base}, Fail{e}))
1491    case Lost{e}:
1492      IO.pure(Log & Out(Unit), (Log{log.stop(j), path, limit, base}, Fail{e}))
1493    case Moved{k}:
1494      do IO<Log & Out(Unit)>:
1495        J.close(j)
1496        return (log.of(k, max, path, limit), Done{Unit{}})
1497
1498def compact.if(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ok: Bool, j: J.Journal, +max: U32, +path: String, +limit: U32, +base: U32, s: State<A>) -> IO(Log & Out(Unit)):
1499  match ok:
1500    case False{}:
1501      IO.pure(Log & Out(Unit), (Log{j, path, limit, base}, Fail{(5, "runner: an append failed; reopen the runner")}))
1502    case True{}:
1503      do IO<Log & Out(Unit)>:
1504        x : Swap <- swap(path, limit, encode.snap(~A, ~penc, s))
1505        compact.moved(x, j, max, path, limit, base)
1506
1507def compact.done(-A: Data, x: Log & Out(Unit), s: State<A>, p: Res.Pool, c: Config, ib: Chan(Msg<A>), fs: List<&1, Flight<A>>) -> Ran(A):
1508  (l, o) = x
1509  (Runner{l, s, p, c, ib, fs}, o)
1510
1511# Writes the state as one Snap record into a new journal, fsyncs it, and renames it over the old one.
1512# A crash leaves one of the two journals, and both replay to this state. After a failure the old
1513# journal stands; when the failure came after the rename, appends stop until the runner is reopened.
1514def compact(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1515  Runner{Log{j, path, limit, base}, +s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1516  J.Journal{file, +max, end, +ok} = j
1517  do IO<Ran(A)>:
1518    x : Log & Out(Unit) <- compact.if(~A, ~penc, ok, J.Journal{file, max, end, ok}, max, path, limit, base, s)
1519    return compact.done(A, x, s, p, c, ib, fs)
1520
1521def tick.ran(e: Out(Unit), b: Bool) -> Out(Bool):
1522  match e:
1523    case Fail{x}:
1524      Fail{x}
1525    case Done{u}:
1526      Done{b}
1527
1528def tick.compacted(-A: Data, +b: Bool, y: Ran(A)) -> Runner<A> & Out(Bool):
1529  (r, e) = y
1530  (r, tick.ran(e, b))
1531
1532def tick.due(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, due: Bool, +b: Bool, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1533  match due:
1534    case False{}:
1535      IO.pure(Runner<A> & Out(Bool), (r, Done{b}))
1536    case True{}:
1537      do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1538        y : Ran(A) <- compact(~A, ~penc, r)
1539        return tick.compacted(A, b, y)
1540
1541def tick.size(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, r: Runner<A>, +b: Bool) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1542  Runner{Log{J.Journal{file, max, +end, ok}, path, limit, +base}, s, p, +c, ib, fs} = r
1543  Config{pol, circ, idle, +every} = c
1544  tick.due(~A, ~penc, Bool.and(Bool.not(U32.is_eq(every, 0)), U32.is_gt((end - base : U32), every)), b,
1545    Runner{Log{J.Journal{file, max, end, ok}, path, limit, base}, s, p, c, ib, fs})
1546
1547# Compacts once the journal grew past Config.compact octets since open or the last compaction.
1548def tick.grown(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, t: Runner<A> & Out(Bool)) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1549  match t:
1550    case (r, Fail{e}):
1551      IO.pure(Runner<A> & Out(Bool), (r, Fail{e}))
1552    case (r, Done{b}):
1553      tick.size(~A, ~penc, r, b)
1554
1555def tick.polled(-A: Data, x: Poll<&1, &1, Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>, Unit>) -> Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>:
1556  match x:
1557    case Ready{m}:
1558      m
1559    case Wait{u}:
1560      None{}
1561
1562def tick.wait(-A: Data, t: List<&1, Flight<A>> & Bool, j: Log, s: State<A>, p: Res.Pool, c: Config, +ib: Chan(Msg<A>)) ->
1563    IO(Runner<A> & Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>):
1564  (fs, none) = t
1565  match none:
1566    case False{}:
1567      do IO<Runner<A> & Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>>:
1568        m : Maybe<&1, Msg<A>> <- Chan.recv(Msg<A>, ib)
1569        return (Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, m)
1570    case True{}:
1571      do IO<Runner<A> & Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>>:
1572        x : Poll<&1, &1, Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>, Unit> <- Chan.try_recv(Msg<A>, ib, 0)
1573        return (Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, tick.polled(A, x))
1574
1575# The next message. While an attempt runs, it waits for one; when none runs, it takes one only when the inbox holds one.
1576def tick.next(-A: Data, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Runner<A> & Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>):
1577  Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1578  tick.wait(A, flights.none(A, fs), j, s, p, c, ib)
1579
1580# Handles the message, then claims due tickets into free units with the claim fuel left. None ends the round.
1581def tick.got(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), x: Runner<A> & Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>, +ran: Bool, +left: Nat,
1582    err: Out(Unit), next: Claimed(A) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool))) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1583  (r, m) = x
1584  match m:
1585    case None{}:
1586      IO.pure(Runner<A> & Out(Bool), (r, tick.ran(err, ran)))
1587    case Some{msg}:
1588      do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1589        +now : Nat <- clock()
1590        rnd : Out(U32) <- IO.random_u32()
1591        handle(~A, ~penc, msg, now, random(rnd), r, err, (r2 => more => e2 =>
1592          IO.bind(Claimed(A), Runner<A> & Out(Bool), claim(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, Nat.add(left, more), now, r2), k2 => next(merged(A, e2, k2)))))
1593
1594# Handles messages until no attempt runs and the inbox is empty. fuel bounds the messages; attempts that still run
1595# when it ends stay in the runner, and the next tick settles them.
1596def tick.run(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), fuel: Nat, +ran: Bool, k: Claimed(A)) ->
1597    IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1598  match fuel:
1599    case 0n:
1600      (r, left, err) = k
1601      IO.pure(Runner<A> & Out(Bool), (r, tick.ran(err, ran)))
1602    case 1n+n:
1603      (r, +left, err) = k
1604      do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1605        x : Runner<A> & Maybe<&1, Msg<A>> <- tick.next(A, r)
1606        tick.got(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, x, ran, left, err, (k2 => tick.run(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, n, True{}, k2)))
1607
1608# Fuel for each pending ticket, each attempt that may already run, and the last look at the inbox.
1609def tick.at(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +now: Nat, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1610  Runner{j, +s, +p, c, ib, fs} = r
1611  +fuel = Nat.add(2n, Nat.add(pending(A, s), Res.capacity(p)))
1612  do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1613    k : Claimed(A) <- claim(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, fuel, now, Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs})
1614    tick.run(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, fuel, False{}, k)
1615
1616# One round: start an attempt for each due ticket the pool admits. Then read the inbox: as each attempt finishes, record its outcome,
1617# return its unit, and start the next due ticket in that unit; append and answer each ask from another fiber.
1618# The round ends when no attempt runs and the inbox is empty. Then compact the journal when it grew past Config.compact.
1619# Done{True} when an attempt ran or an ask was answered. work runs on its own; target names the breaker that guards it.
1620def tick(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Runner<A> & Out(Bool)):
1621  do IO<Runner<A> & Out(Bool)>:
1622    now : Nat <- clock()
1623    t : Runner<A> & Out(Bool) <- tick.at(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, now, r)
1624    tick.grown(~A, ~penc, t)
1625
1626def finished.of(-A: Data, +quiet: Bool, t: List<&1, Flight<A>> & Bool, j: Log, s: State<A>, p: Res.Pool, c: Config, ib: Chan(Msg<A>)) ->
1627    Runner<A> & Bool:
1628  (fs, none) = t
1629  (Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, Bool.and(quiet, none))
1630
1631# The runner back, and whether no ticket is pending or running and no attempt runs.
1632def finished(-A: Data, r: Runner<A>) -> Runner<A> & Bool:
1633  Runner{j, +s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1634  finished.of(A, idle(A, s), flights.none(A, fs), j, s, p, c, ib)
1635
1636def drain.handled(-A: Data, t: Runner<A> & Out(Bool), next: Runner<A> -> IO(Ran(A))) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1637  match t:
1638    case (r, Fail{e}):
1639      IO.pure(Ran(A), (r, Fail{e}))
1640    case (r, Done{b}):
1641      next(r)
1642
1643def drain.woke(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +idle: U32,
1644    x: Poll<&1, &1, Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>, Unit>, r: Runner<A>, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Ran(A))) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1645  match x:
1646    case Ready{Some{m}}:
1647      do IO<Ran(A)>:
1648        t : Runner<A> & Out(Bool) <- tick.got(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, (r, Some{m}), True{}, 0n, Done{Unit{}},
1649          (k => tick.run(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, 0n, True{}, k)))
1650        drain.handled(A, t, next)
1651    case Ready{None{}}:
1652      do IO<Ran(A)>:
1653        IO.sleep(idle)
1654        next(r)
1655    case Wait{u}:
1656      next(r)
1657
1658def drain.wait(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +idle: U32, r: Runner<A>,
1659    next: Runner<A> -> IO(Ran(A))) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1660  Runner{j, s, p, c, +ib, fs} = r
1661  do IO<Ran(A)>:
1662    x : Poll<&1, &1, Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>, Unit> <- Chan.try_recv(Msg<A>, ib, idle)
1663    drain.woke(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, idle, x, Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, next)
1664
1665def drain.ticked(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), +idle: U32,
1666    t: Runner<A> & Out(Bool), next: Runner<A> -> IO(Ran(A))) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1667  match t:
1668    case (r, Fail{e}):
1669      IO.pure(Ran(A), (r, Fail{e}))
1670    case (r, Done{True{}}):
1671      next(r)
1672    case (r, Done{False{}}):
1673      drain.wait(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, idle, r, next)
1674
1675def drain.if(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), done: Bool, r: Runner<A>, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Ran(A))) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1676  match done:
1677    case True{}:
1678      IO.pure(Ran(A), (r, Done{Unit{}}))
1679    case False{}:
1680      Runner{j, s, p, +c, ib, fs} = r
1681      Config{pol, circ, +idle, every} = c
1682      do IO<Ran(A)>:
1683        t : Runner<A> & Out(Bool) <- tick(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs})
1684        drain.ticked(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, idle, t, next)
1685
1686def drain.at(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), x: Runner<A> & Bool, next: Runner<A> -> IO(Ran(A))) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1687  (r, done) = x
1688  drain.if(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, done, r, next)
1689
1690def drain.end(-A: Data, x: Runner<A> & Bool) -> Ran(A):
1691  (r, done) = x
1692  (r, Bool.pick(Out(Unit), done, Done{Unit{}}, Fail{(62, "runner: drain ran out of rounds")}))
1693
1694# Ticks until no ticket is pending or running and no attempt runs. After a round that did nothing, it waits up to idle ms
1695# for a message, and handles one that arrives at once.
1696# Fails when fuel rounds leave work.
1697def drain(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~target: A -> String, ~work: A -> IO(Retry.Outcome), fuel: Nat, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1698  match fuel:
1699    case 0n:
1700      IO.pure(Ran(A), drain.end(A, finished(A, r)))
1701    case 1n+n:
1702      drain.at(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, finished(A, r), (r2 => drain(~A, ~penc, ~target, ~work, n, r2)))
1703
1704def orphans.next(-A: Data, y: Ran(A), err: Out(Unit), next: Runner<A> -> Out(Unit) -> IO(Ran(A))) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1705  (r, e) = y
1706  next(r, first(err, e))
1707
1708# A running ticket at open lost its attempt in a crash: it is requeued at now, as a failed attempt.
1709def orphans(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ts: List<&2, Q.Ticket<A>>, +now: Nat, r: Runner<A>, err: Out(Unit)) -> IO(Ran(A)):
1710  match ts:
1711    case Nil{}:
1712      IO.pure(Ran(A), (r, err))
1713    case Con{Q.Ticket{id, d, x}, rest}:
1714      do IO<Ran(A)>:
1715        y : Ran(A) <- commit(~A, ~penc, r, Requeue{id, now})
1716        orphans.next(A, y, err, (r2 => e2 => orphans(~A, ~penc, rest, now, r2, e2)))
1717
1718def close.answer(-A: Data, m: Msg<A>) -> IO(Unit):
1719  match m:
1720    case Ended{id, o}:
1721      IO.pure(Unit, Unit{})
1722    case Add{d, x, rep}:
1723      do IO<Unit>:
1724        y : Result<&1, &1, Out(Nat), Unit> <- Chan.send(Out(Nat), rep, Fail{(32, "runner: the runner closed")})
1725        return Unit{}
1726    case Drop{i, rep}:
1727      do IO<Unit>:
1728        y : Result<&1, &1, Out(Unit), Unit> <- Chan.send(Out(Unit), rep, Fail{(32, "runner: the runner closed")})
1729        return Unit{}
1730
1731def close.polled(-A: Data, x: Poll<&1, &1, Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>, Unit>, next: Unit -> IO(Unit)) -> IO(Unit):
1732  match x:
1733    case Ready{Some{m}}:
1734      do IO<Unit>:
1735        close.answer(A, m)
1736        next(Unit{})
1737    case Ready{None{}}:
1738      IO.pure(Unit, Unit{})
1739    case Wait{u}:
1740      IO.pure(Unit, Unit{})
1741
1742# Answers each ask left in the closed inbox with a failure. fuel bounds the messages it reads.
1743def close.drain(-A: Data, fuel: Nat, +ib: Chan(Msg<A>)) -> IO(Unit):
1744  match fuel:
1745    case 0n:
1746      IO.pure(Unit, Unit{})
1747    case 1n+n:
1748      do IO<Unit>:
1749        x : Poll<&1, &1, Maybe<&1, Msg<A>>, Unit> <- Chan.try_recv(Msg<A>, ib, 0)
1750        close.polled(A, x, (u => close.drain(A, n, ib)))
1751
1752# Closes the inbox and the journal. Each ask still in the inbox gets a failure, and no op is appended for it.
1753def close(-A: Data, r: Runner<A>) -> IO(Unit):
1754  Runner{j, s, +p, c, +ib, fs} = r
1755  do IO<Unit>:
1756    Chan.close(Msg<A>, ib)
1757    close.drain(A, Nat.add(2n, Res.capacity(p)), ib)
1758    log.close(j)
1759
1760def open.done(-A: Data, y: Ran(A)) -> IO(Out(Runner<A>)):
1761  match y:
1762    case (r, Fail{e}):
1763      do IO<Out(Runner<A>)>:
1764        close(A, r)
1765        return Fail{e}
1766    case (r, Done{u}):
1767      IO.pure(Out(Runner<A>), Done{r})
1768
1769def open.got(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, x: Out(J.Journal & Maybe<&2, State<A>>), +max: U32, path: String, +limit: U32, c: Config, +capacity: Nat) ->
1770    IO(Out(Runner<A>)):
1771  match x:
1772    case Fail{e}:
1773      IO.pure(Out(Runner<A>), Fail{e})
1774    case Done{(j, None{})}:
1775      do IO<Out(Runner<A>)>:
1776        J.close(j)
1777        return Fail{(22, "runner: a journal record is not a runner record")}
1778    case Done{(j, Some{+s})}:
1779      do IO<Out(Runner<A>)>:
1780        now : Nat <- clock()
1781        ib : Chan(Msg<A>) <- Chan.new(Msg<A>, (U32.from_nat(capacity) + 1 : U32))
1782        y : Ran(A) <- orphans(~A, ~penc, Q.running(A, queue(A, s)), now, Runner{log.of(j, max, path, limit), calm(A, s), Res.new(0n, capacity), c, ib, Nil{}}, Done{Unit{}})
1783        open.done(A, y)
1784
1785def replay.step(~A: Data, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, acc: Maybe<&2, State<A>>, b: Bytes.Bytes) -> Maybe<&2, State<A>>:
1786  load(~A, ~Bytes.Bytes, ~(y => decode.rec(~A, ~pdec, y)), acc, b)
1787
1788# Opens the runner at path: replays its journal into the state, then requeues each ticket that was running.
1789# capacity bounds the attempts that run at once. max caps an op record's octets; limit caps the journal file and a snapshot.
1790# Fails when the journal fails to open, or a committed record is not a snapshot or an op.
1791def open(~A: Data, ~penc: A -> Bytes.Bytes, ~pdec: Bytes.Bytes -> Maybe<&2, A>, +path: String, +max: U32, +limit: U32, c: Config, +capacity: Nat) -> IO(Out(Runner<A>)):
1792  do IO<Out(Runner<A>)>:
1793    x : Out(J.Journal & Maybe<&2, State<A>>) <- J.open(~Maybe<&2, State<A>>, ~(acc => b => replay.step(~A, ~pdec, acc, b)), path, limit, limit, Some{new(A)})
1794    open.got(~A, ~penc, x, max, path, limit, c, capacity)
1795
1796# The runner back, and a copy of its state.
1797def state(-A: Data, r: Runner<A>) -> Runner<A> & State<A>:
1798  Runner{j, +s, p, c, ib, fs} = r
1799  (Runner{j, s, p, c, ib, fs}, s)